• The putative residue apelin proprotein proapelin or

  2024-02-04

  

  The putative 55-residue apelin proprotein (proapelin or apelin-55) is processed from a 77-residue preproprotein through removal of a 22-residue signal peptide (Table 1). Apelin-55 is further processed into bioactive isoforms of 36, 17, or 13 residues, likely through protease-mediated mechanisms. To

• br Introduction The term antioxidant derives from the preven

  2024-02-04

  

  Introduction The term antioxidant derives from the prevention of the oxygen consumption. In the late of 19th centuries, antioxidants were generally used in industrial processes such as against to metal corrosion, vulcanization of rubber. Later on, the use of antioxidants to prevent the rancidity

• br Funding This study was supported by a grant

  2024-02-04

  

  Funding This study was supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No. 2014Y2-00181) and the personnel training program of Southern Medical University (No. PY2015N023). Conflict of interest statement Authors’contributions Introduction Chronic cerebral hypo

• The results of cell culture models were

  2024-02-02

  

  The results of cell culture models were further supported by in vivo studies in mice treated with PXR and/or AhR agonists, PCN and β-NF. In these mice, AhR-regulated cyp1a1, and cyp1a2 were suppressed by PXR activation as determined by real time Q-PCR (Fig. 3). The level of PXR mRNA was not changed

• br Adiponectin in prostate cancer PC was documented as the

  2024-02-02

  

  Adiponectin in prostate cancer PC was documented as the leading type of malignancy in males in the US with respect to both the estimated number of cases (22,800) and deaths (27,540) (Siegel et al., 2016). Studies have reported an association between low APN levels and the progression of PC (Micha

• Fig A shows a schematic

  2024-02-02

  

  Fig. 2A shows a schematic representation of histological results according to the Franklin and Paxinos Mouse Brain Atlas (2001). The black circles represent the sites of drug infusion that were on-target within the amygdala. Gray circles represent the animals that had infusion locations outside the

• Among the enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism

  2024-02-02

  

  Among the enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase plays an important role in regulating formation and release of endogenous adenosine in cardiomyocytes as well as vascular endothelial cells Decking et al., 1997, Kowaluk et al., 1998, Smolenski et al., 1994. Inhibition of adenosine

• AG-126 br Acknowledgement br Introduction There

  2024-02-02

  

  Acknowledgement Introduction There has been great progress in the treatment of autoimmune disease during the past several decades. However, the majority of autoimmune diseases have no known cure. B lymphocytes and autoantibodies play important roles in many autoimmune diseases, including rheum

• Previously we described that cadmium induces a more pronounc

  2024-02-02

  

  Previously, we described that cadmium induces a more pronounced, but not selective, cell death on primary cholinergic neurons from basal forebrain (Del Pino et al., 2014). Degeneration of septal cholinergic neurons from basal forebrain, as happens in AD, results in memory deficits (Scheiderer et al.

• Finally Urban Ciecko et al asked

  2024-02-02

  

  Finally, Urban-Ciecko et al. (2018) asked whether this enhancement is specific to the pyramidal to SST neuron synapses or more generally observed in other synapses of the cortical microcircuit. Synapses between pyramidal cells showed no sign of potentiation after either bath application of the choli

• Of note core autophagy factors also

  2024-02-02

  

  Of note, core autophagy factors also play an important role during the infection of host cells by another type of picornavirus, namely, echovirus 7. ATG16L1 was found necessary for entry/internalization into Caco-2 polarized epithelial cells because the virus accumulated on the surface of ATG16L1-de

• However there are studies revealing the

  2024-02-02

  

  However, there are studies revealing the “dark side” of autophagy at later stages in cancers, when oncogenes (mainly K-ras and B-raf) are activated and/or tumour suppressors such as PTEN and p53 are inactivated. These studies are based on the use of GEMM and deletions of essential autophagy genes (A

• Cancer cells manifest characteristic abnormal growth propert

  2024-02-02

  

  Cancer TCS JNK 6o manifest characteristic abnormal growth properties accompanying clonal evolution of cells displaying progressively increasing genomic instability capable of invasion and metastasis to distant organ sites. With the emerging knowledge about the role of known oncogene and tumor suppre

• The link between HPV infection and neoplasia has been well

  2024-02-02

  

  The link between HPV infection and neoplasia has been well established. HPV encodes two oncogenes (E6 and E7) that drive po1 progression by controlling the functions of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and Rb [7]. HPV is associated with more than 99% of cervical CESC cases [8]. CESC remains a major pr

• It is well known that

  2024-02-02

  

  It is well-known that neurosteroids such as testosterone and their metabolites endogenously modulate neural excitability in animals and humans. Testosterone has protective effects against seizures induced by KA and PTZ (Frye et al., 2001b; Reddy, 2004b). Estrogens, on the other hand, have proconvuls

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