• Because activation of HT A receptor is capable of facilitati

  2024-09-06

  

  Because activation of 5-HT2A receptor is capable of facilitating dopamine cell activity and dopamine release (Bortolozzi et al., 2003), and this action of dopamine is known to mediate rat maternal behavior, especially maternal motivation (Afonso et al., 2007, Febo et al., 2010, Li and Fleming, 2003,

• GGsTop receptor Chronic inflammation is associated with both

  2024-09-06

  

  Chronic inflammation is associated with both initiation and progression of many neoplastic conditions [149], and ATX may be a player in the process. ATX/LPA signaling is positively correlated with the invasive and metastatic potential of several cancers including melanoma, breast cancer, ovarian can

• br Autophagy in cancer br Phytochemicals as a valuable

  2024-09-06

  

  Autophagy in cancer Phytochemicals as a valuable source of autophagy modulation agents Epidemiological studies demonstrated that there is a strong association between diet and human cancer mortality so that daily consumption of phytochemicals declines the incidence of different types of cancer

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Double stranded DNA brea

  2024-09-05

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) are among the most deleterious DNA lesions that threaten genomic integrity. DSBs are generated not only by exogenous DNA-damaging agents but also by normal cellular processes such as V(D)J recombination, meiosis, and DNA replicati

• Regulators of the DDR have therefore become attractive

  2024-09-05

  

  Regulators of the DDR have therefore become attractive targets for cancer therapy primarily through two potential approaches. First, to be used as chemo- or radiosensitisers to increase the effectiveness of standard genotoxic treatments and to help prevent or overcome the development of resistance.

• br Methods and materials br

  2024-09-05

  

  Methods and materials Results Discussion GPCR regulation in response to agonist stimulation is common to nearly all GPCRs and is essential in physiological systems to limit persistent signalling. In this study we have investigated the [Pyr1]apelin-13-induced trafficking and desensitization

• Another interesting aspect of neutralizing AP is

  2024-09-05

  

  Another interesting aspect of neutralizing AP-1 is the inhibition of interactions between AP-1 and Smad proteins, which synergize to activate the TGF-β1-responsive genes involved in hypertrophic growth of the heart muscle and in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Through preventing AP-1 activation

• br Experimental All reagents were

  2024-09-05

  

  Experimental All reagents were analytical grade and were used without further purification. The morphology was characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope (Philips XL-30 FESEMFeSEM, ZEISS SUPRA 40VP, Germany). The hydrogel sample used for SEM analysis was freeze dried. All e

• While we chose to divide our etiologies into three categorie

  2024-09-05

  

  While we chose to divide our etiologies into three categories, it should be noted that such division has certain limitations. Even though URIs and the common cold are considered mainly viral in origin and rhinosinusitis mainly bacterial in origin,26, 27 there is considerable overlap between these co

• CGRP (rat) receptor br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br

  2024-09-05

  

  Acknowledgments and Disclosures Alzheimer's disease as a synaptic pathology Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative CGRP (rat) receptor disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Progressive depositions of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles together

• COPD is almost unheard of in individuals less

  2024-09-05

  

  COPD is almost unheard of in individuals less than 40 years of age (even among heavy smokers), 1 in 10 lifetime never-smokers and 1 in 3 develop COPD by age 75 [26], unquestionably, COPD is an age-related disorder. This notion of accelerated ageing of COPD is supported by animal models, which demons

• Pregnane X receptor PXR is

  2024-09-05

  

  Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays an important role in regulation of metabolism and disposition of structurally diverse xenobiotics as well as endogenous steroids and bile acids (Bertilsson et al., 1998, Kliewer et al., 1998, Lehmann et al., 1998). PXR regulates the metaboli

• The cavity volume of the binding pocket may differ

  2024-09-05

  

  The cavity volume of the binding pocket may differ not only between species but also among various AhR/ARNT isoforms within a single species. It is noteworthy that even a single amino BLU 9931 substitution within a binding pocket may result in a change in the cavity volume. This, in turn, may affect

• APPL is highly expressed in pancreatic cells but its

  2024-09-05

  

  APPL1 is highly expressed in pancreatic β cells, but its levels are significantly decreased in several mouse models of obesity and diabetes, including HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice [6], [73], suggesting that the dysregulation of APPL1 may be associated with malfunction of the pancreas in obe

• hydroxydopamine OHDA is a selective catecholaminergic neurot

  2024-09-05

  

  6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin mainly used to generate lesions in the nigrostriatal pathway in rats (Ungerstedt, 1968). The most common use of 6-OHDA is via unilateral injection into the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA depletion, nigral DA cell loss, and

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